Urology in Iran
Best urology specialists in Iran

walks contribute to better ventilation of the lungs, the absorption of oxygen, an increase in oxidative processes, an intensification of metabolism and an improvement in the function of organs and systems.

The sanatorium provides prevention and treatment of urological diseases (chronic prostatitis, erectile dysfunction (impotence), urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, male infertility, benign prostatic hyperplasia); diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagitis, chronic gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, diseases of the operated stomach, enterocolitis, chronic pancreatitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, hepatitis, gastrointestinal diseases, biliary dyskinesia, chronic

nic hemorrhoids, rectal fissures); musculoskeletal system, nervous system, metabolic disorders, endocrine diseases (diabetes mellitus, obesity) .

The high incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially the so-called “hidden” infections (chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma), is one of the urgent health problems and attracts more and more attention of specialists. Currently, in the clinical picture of many sexually transmitted diseases, there are few symptoms, the absence of characteristic manifestations, and a tendency to a latent course. Male reproductive tract infections are a serious medical, social, and economic problem. They become one of the most common causes of male infertility. It is important to note that many STIs are characterized by similar manifestations (discharge from the penis, sores), which makes it extremely difficult to diagnose the disease in a timely manner. In addition, for a number of reasons, in the general structure of diseases of men serving in the penitentiary system, hidden, low-symptomatic forms of diseases prevail, proceeding according to a subjectively small significant mechanism. Hence, the late treatment of men to the doctor, when complications already arise: prostatitis, epididymo-orchitis, vesiculitis, which makes subsequent treatment extremely difficult and worsens the prognosis. Exactly

these complications contribute to the development of male infertility and a number of autonomic disorders. This, in turn, entails a persistent violation of potency and leads to significant socio-psychological stress in men. A vicious circle closes: on the one hand, the presence of an infectious disease and its dangerous complications, on the other hand, constant doubts about one’s own manhood, the fear of never knowing the feelings of fatherhood. Along with the increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections, the number of pathogens resistant to the effects of many modern drugs is increasing.

A feature of sexually transmitted infection is its high contagiousness, up to the development of a pandemic among the population. Sexually transmitted infections greatly increase the risk of contracting such a terrible disease as HIV infection. The problem of sexually transmitted diseases has long turned from a medical one into a social one, since social, economic, cultural and demographic changes in society are important in the spread of STIs along with medical and biological factors. Among the diseases of the genitourinary tract among workers of the penitentiary system (equally in men and women), inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urolithiasis are recorded. Among the vacationers examined in the sanatorium, 30-35% were diagnosed (for the first time) with diseases of the genitourinary tract. During the year, an average of 60-90 men and women come to the sanatorium for an appointment with a urologist. Dynamic observation of patients in the process of examination and therapy made it possible to identify a large number of patients with chronic prostatitis and urolithiasis. Diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, as well as the reproductive system are interconnected and interdependent, since infectious inflammatory processes easily spread from the genital to the urinary organs and vice versa – from the urinary organs to the genitals. Chronic prostatitis (CP) is the most common urological disease in men under 50 years of age and the third most common urological diagnosis in men over 50 years of age (after BPH and prostate cancer). With age, the incidence

levitation increases and reaches 30-73%. Most men with CP will have an exacerbation of the disease several times during their life.

Urolithiasis (ICD) is a disease manifested by the formation of stones in the kidneys and other organs of the urinary system. Stones can form anywhere in the urinary system. The stones of the kidneys, ureters and bladder are of the greatest importance. Urolithiasis is one of the widespread urological diseases, often prone to severe course and relapses. Urolithiasis occurs in children, in adults, most often affecting people in the most active period of their lives, as well as in the elderly. Due to the wide prevalence, features of development and course, urolithiasis remains one of the urgent problems of modern medicine, especially since over the past decades there has been a tendency to increase the frequency of this disease, associated with an increase in the influence of a number of adverse environmental factors on the human body.

The main mechanism of the disease is congenital (a slight metabolic disorder leads to the formation of insoluble salts that form into stones). According to the chemical structure, different stones are distinguished – urates, phosphates, oxalates, etc. However, even if there is an innate predisposition to urolithiasis, it will not develop if there are no following predisposing factors:

climatic factor (in a hot climate, the inhabitants of the middle zone sweat much more, as a result, the concentration of some salts in their body increases, and stones may begin to form);

geographical factor (the composition of the water plays an important role here – hard water with a high content of calcium salts contributes to the appearance of urolithiasis; as well as food – spicy and sour foods increase the acidity of urine, which makes stones form more easily);

a constant lack of vitamins and ultraviolet rays can also contribute to stone formation;

injuries and bone diseases – osteomyelitis, osteoporosis;

chronic diseases of the stomach and intestines, such as chronic gastritis, colitis, peptic ulcer;

severe dehydration of the body, which can be with an infectious disease or poisoning;

various diseases of the kidneys and organs of the genitourinary system (pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, nephroptosis, cystitis, prostate adenoma, prostatitis, etc.);

hypodynamia, leading to a violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism (sedentary work, a sedentary lifestyle, etc.);

anatomical and pathological changes in the upper urinary tract, leading to difficulty in the normal outflow of urine from the kidneys, metabolic and vascular disorders in the body and kidney;

inherited genetic traits.

Symptoms of urolithiasis

Kidney stones. The disease is manifested by pain in the lower back, the appearance of blood in the urine, possibly independent discharge of stones in the urine.

The pains are dull, aching in nature, but can be sharp. Most of the time the pain is on one side. If there are stones in both kidneys, then the pain will occur simultaneously or alternately on both sides. The connection of pain with movement, change in body position is characteristic.

Blood in the urine usually appears after severe pain or after exercise, walking. Following a severe attack of pain, stones may begin to move away.

Stones of the ureter. Moving from the kidney, the stone enters the ureter. The pain in this case passes from the lower back to the groin, lower abdomen, genitals, thigh.

In the event that the stone is located in the lower part of the ureter, the patient experiences frequent unreasonable urge to urinate.

If the stone completely blocked the lumen of the ureter, then urine accumulates in the kidney, which causes an attack of renal colic. It is manifested by sharp cramping pains in the lower back, which quickly spread to the corresponding half of the abdomen. The pain can last for several hours or even days, periodically subsiding and resuming. The patient at the same time behaves uneasily, cannot find a comfortable

positions. The attack ends when the stone changes its position or leaves the ureter. If, after an attack of colic, the stone has not moved away, then the attack may repeat. Usually, at the end of the attack, blood appears in the urine. Renal colic occurs suddenly during or after physical exertion, walking, heavy fluid intake. Renal colic is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, intestinal paresis.

Bladder stones. The main manifestation is pain in the lower abdomen, which can radiate to the perineum, genitals. It appears during movement and during urination.

Other symptoms of the disease are frequent urination. Sharp causeless urges appear when walking, shaking, physical activity. During urination, the so-called “stuffing” symptom may be noted – suddenly the urine stream is interrupted, although the patient feels that the bladder is not completely emptied, and urination resumes only after a change in body position.

In severe cases, with very large stone sizes, patients can only urinate while lying down.